Hundreds of groves of native and non-native trees along the coast of California and Baja California, Mexico serve as the winter home for monarchs of the western U.S., yet many of these sites are not formally protected. Since the 1980s, at least 60 overwintering sites have been destroyed by development, fire, and tree cutting, and another 50 are currently threatened. Though the California Coastal Commission designates monarch overwintering sites that occur within the Coastal Zone as Environmentally Sensitive Habitat Areas—thus requiring impacts be avoided or mitigated—there are few other protections in place for these important habitat areas, especially those that exist outside of the Coastal Zone.

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• Publication Date January 11, 2023
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